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Common Rail Diesel Pumps (HDP)
Common Rail Diesel Injection requires extremely high fuel pressure to operate effectively. The High Pressure Diesel Pump provides this pressure which allows diesel engines to provide the performance and efficiency demanded by both owners and legislators.
The basic function of the high pressure fuel pump is to ensure enough fuel is delivered at the required pressure across the engine’s entire range including fast starting, idle, cruise and power requirements.
Source: dieselnet.com/tech/diesel
Typical Common Rail System Fuel Pressure
Bosch
- Generation 1 pumps: up to 1350 Bar
- Generation 2 pumps: up to 1600 Bar
- Generation 3 pumps: up to 2700 Bar +
Denso
- 1st Generation pumps: up to 1450 Bar
- 2nd Generation pumps: up to 1800 Bar +
Delphi
- Multec: up to 2000Bar
- Latest system 2700 Bar +
Fuel Contamination
To be able to produce the pressure required for the common rail diesel system to operate effectively the high pressure pump operates under extremely tight tolerances. Any contamination of the fuel can cause failure, not only of the pump but much of the fuel system. Contaminants may include particulates (dirt, metal, and grime), water, incorrect fuel (petrol) and fuel degradation. With frequent filter clogging, fuel pump failure will often follow. The restriction to fuel flow caused by a contaminated filter will cause the pump to be working harder than it is designed too.
Symptoms of a Failing Fuel Pump
- Loss of power on acceleration
- Dash warning light illuminated
- Engine surge or spluttering
- Engine will not start or slow to start
- Exhaust smoke
- Poor idle
- Noisy engine
If the fuel pump has failed due to contamination the entire fuel system may be effected. This can result in a very expensive repair. Regular maintenance of the fuel system and fuel filter replacement is vital.
Warning
Common Rail diesel Injection Systems operate at extremely high fuel pressures. Never loosen fuel pipes or try to remove components whilst the engine is running or when the fuel system is under pressure.
Always refer to the manufacturer technical publications for testing procedures and test specifications.
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